Cách viết dạng Advantages and Disadvantages IELTS Writing Task 2

1. Tổng quan về dạng bài Advantages & Disadvantages

1.1. Định nghĩa

Advantages and disadvantages essay là dạng bài luận ngắn yêu cầu người viết nêu ra những ưu điểm và nhược điểm của vấn đề được đưa ra. Có hai dạng chính trong dạng bài này (mà có thể chia nhỏ hơn thành 3 dạng). DOL sẽ giải thích kỹ hơn ngay sau đây.

1.2. Các dạng câu hỏi thường gặp

• Dạng câu hỏi 1: What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of This Trend?

Yêu cầu: Câu hỏi 1 chỉ đơn giản yêu cầu người viết bàn về hai mặt của một vấn đề chứ không nhất thiết đòi hỏi phải lập luận xem mặt nào tốt hơn. Vì vậy, phần thân bài chia cần chia 1 đoạn về advantages và 1 đoạn về disadvantages.

Ví dụ: Thanks to the increase of technology, people today have greater amount of free time. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the conveniences created by modern technology?

• Dạng câu hỏi 2: Do The Advantages Outweigh The Disadvantages? hoặc Do The Benefits Outweigh The Drawbacks?

Yêu cầu: Câu hỏi 2 yêu cầu người viết trả lời xem advantages của một vấn đề lớn hơn hay ít hơn so với disadvantages. Chú ý, câu hỏi này không bắt bạn phải liệt kê tổng ưu nhược và so sánh với nhau. Bạn chỉ cần đưa ra một câu trả lời tổng quan nhất sau khi đã so sánh ưu nhược.

Ví dụ: Some people think that starting to studying a foreign language in primary schools is better than starting in secondary schools. Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?

• Dạng câu hỏi 3: Is This A Positive Or Negative Development/Trend?

Yêu cầu: Câu hỏi 3 cũng tương tự câu hỏi 2, yêu cầu bạn thảo luận về 2 mặt và từ đó đưa ra ý kiến của riêng mình.

Ví dụ: Computers are becoming more and more essential in early education. Is This A Positive Or Negative Development?

2. Hướng dẫn chi tiết cách xử lý từng dạng câu hỏi

2.1. Dạng 1: What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of This Trend? 

Bố cục: 

Introduction

• Paraphrasing

• Thesis statement

Body

• Paragraph 1: Dùng cấu trúc song hành nêu ra các advantages/ benefits

• Paragraph 2: Dùng cấu trúc song hành nêu ra các disadvantages/drawbacks

Conclusion: Summary of main ideas

Bài viết mẫu 1:

Some people think it is better for children to grown up in the city, while others think that life in the countryside is more suitable for them. What are the advantages and disadvantages of both places.

Sample:

Some individuals believe that raising children in the country is an ideal option, while others think that cities provide a much better living opportunity. In this essay, the advantages and disadvantages of both places will be discussed.

Firstly, the countryside allows children to be in touch with nature, taking care of animals and helping with gardening. As a result, children can learn to protect the environment and live without modern conveniences. Additionally, they are able to play outside without being concerned about their safety as when they are in the city, where they are kept inside and driven towards using smartphones and computers. On the contrary, schools in the city typically offer lower-quality education and it can be challenging to find extracurricular activities. Children can encounter many challenges when participating in extracurricular activities outside of the classroom.

However, schools in metropolitan areas tend to have better quality and offer all kinds of activities. It is still feasible to find a sport or art course in the city. As a result, it can be much simpler for all kids to discover their abilities and hobbies at an early age. On the other hand, parents constantly have to be conscious of the security, pollution, and lack of access to nature. Therefore, a city where kids could play in parks and gardens would be a preferable choice.

To sum up, growing up in the countryside can be very positive for someone’s childhood, but the city will usually offer better opportunities for their talents’ development.

2.2. Dạng 2: Do The Advantages Outweigh The Disadvantages? hoặc Do The Benefits Outweigh The Drawbacks?

Bố cục:

Introduction

• Paraphrasing

• Thesis statement (Ở dạng này, câu thesis statement phải nêu được quan điểm khía cạnh nào quan trọng hơn.)

Body

• Paragraph 1: Weaker Side

• Paragraph 2: Stronger Side

Bạn nên lưu ý viết đoạn 2 dài hơn đoạn 1. Nếu bạn trình bày ngược lại, luận điểm trình bày sẽ không rõ ràng.

Conclusion: 

Summary of main ideas

Bài viết mẫu 2:

Đề bài: In most countries, fast food is becoming cheaper and more available.

Do the advantages of this development outweigh the disadvantages?

Sample:

It is widely witnessed that fast food is becoming more and more popular in many countries. I hold the belief that the drawbacks of this development are far more significant than the benefits involved. 

The fact that the prices of fast food are reducing and its availability is increasing. Having more affordable fast food options available bring many benefits to both individuals as well as the society. Delicious foods are offered at low prices and delivered in a short amount of time. Some chains, like McDonald's, have opened several drive-through restaurants selling foods less than one dollar, so people no longer need to leave their car. This can allow people to save money and time, which is suitable for working people with a busy schedule. On the societal level, when more people go to fast-food outlets for their regular meals, fast food businesses can quickly expand and thus increase the sales volumes. This expansion of fast food chains might create more job opportunities for local people and result in higher employment rates.

Despite the aforementioned benefits, this trend can have several major downsides. Chief of these is that traditional dinners that serve as a bonding activity among family members in the past are now less common as a result of the growth of fast food. Long-term negative effects on family dietary patterns may result from this trend. Another reason worth mentioning is that eating too much fast food may actually increase one’s chance of developing a wide range of chronic conditions, such as diabetes or obesity. Additionally, chemical components included in convenience food, such as saturated fat and food coloring, can hasten this process.

In conclusion, the fact that fast food is becoming much more affordable and popular can bring certain benefits for some individuals and the economy. However, I believe that this development is more disadvantageous due to the negative effects on familial bonds and health.

2.3. Dạng 3: Is This A Positive Or Negative Development/Trend? 

Bố cục:

Introduction

• Paraphrasing

• Thesis statement (your opinion)

Có 3 cách trả lời cho câu thesis statement: 

• Đồng ý với advantages 

• Đồng ý với disadvantages

• Cân bằng cả hai phía. 

Body

• Thiên về một phía (positive hoặc negative) 

• Cân bằng cả hai phía (balanced)

Conclusion: 

Summary of main ideas

Bài viết mẫu 3:

Sample:

People have different views about the effect of international tourism. While I accept that international tourism has some positive impacts on our lives, I believe that it has more negative impacts compared to positive ones.

On the one hand, International tourism has many advantages. First, from my perspective, travel is a very common pastime. By exploring a new location, travelers can unwind and enjoy themselves. Additionally, traveling stimulates their minds and broadens their horizons by exposing them to various countries and traditions. Second, from an economic standpoint, the tourism industry is crucial to the development of many nations. Tourism is one of the major sources of income for some people. Additionally, the tourism sector generates numerous job openings in industries like hotels and restaurants. International travel consequently raises the standard of living in some local communities.

On the other hand, I believe that International tourism has more negative impacts on the environment and local cultures. First, from an environmental standpoint, there are three ways that tourism could harm the ecosystem. First, the tourism industry's demand for excessive construction might ruin natural habitats and potentially cause the extinction of several species and plants. Additionally, waste and pollution are increased by international tourists. Finally, the tourism industry demanding constantly natural resources like water and energy could result in a shortage of some basic human needs. Second, from a cultural standpoint, tourism could have a negative impact on local cultures. Farming and fishing may become obsolete as a result of people being forced to work in tourism-related industries, which could lead to the loss of many cultural traits and values.

In conclusion, in my opinion, the potential dangers of international tourism on the environment and culture are far more significant than the benefits on personal and economic sectors. Governments should impose laws to protect the environment and local cultures.

3. Các câu hỏi thường gặp:

Bài viết trên đã chỉ ra những dạng câu hỏi Advantages and Disadvantages IELTS Writing Task 2, những lỗi thường gặp khi làm dạng bài này cũng hướng dẫn các bạn cách làm dạng bài này hiệu quả với Linearthinking. DOL hy vọng đây sẽ là nguồn tài liệu tham khảo hữu ích cho các bạn trong quá trình ôn luyện thi IELTS. Nếu muốn tìm hiểu thêm cách viết dạng bài này, đừng quên khám phá kho sample essay Task 2 (https://www.dolenglish.vn/blog/de-writing-ielts-1) siêu to khổng lồ của DOL nhé!