IELTS Writing task 2 structure: Cấu trúc mẫu và bài tham khảo

Hầu hết tất cả các bài luận IELTS Writing đều tuân theo cấu trúc làm bài cơ bản sau.

1. Introduction - Phần mở bài

2. Main body paragraph 1

3. Main body paragraph 2

4. Conclusion

Dạng Opinion (Agree or Disagree)

Cấu trúc mẫu cho dạng câu hỏi Opinion (Agree or Disagree) gồm Introduction, 2 đoạn Body (mỗi đoạn với một quan điểm), và Conclusion giúp tổ chức bài viết một cách hiệu quả, cung cấp quan điểm rõ ràng và hỗ trợ ý kiến bằng lý do và ví dụ cụ thể.

Đặc điểm nhận biết dạng câu hỏi Opinion (Agree or Disagree)

Cách nhận biết dạng Agree or Disagree tương đối đơn giản. Sau khi đưa ra vấn đề, dạng đề agree-disagree thường có câu hỏi sau.

• To what extent do you agree or disagree?

• Do you agree or disagree?

• What is your opinion?

• Direct question.

Ví dụ: Large companies use sports events to promote their products. Some people think this has a negative impact on sports. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Cấu trúc mẫu cho dạng câu hỏi Opinion

Nhiều học sinh không làm tốt dạng câu hỏi này vì họ không có quan điểm rõ ràng và họ không biết sử dụng IELTS Writing Task 2 structure phù hợp.

Cấu trúc tốt nhất bạn có thể sử dụng cho loại bài luận này.

Bài mẫu dạng câu hỏi Agree or Disagree

With the growing unemployment rate, many countries think children should stop receiving education after primary school to join the workforce after training necessary skills. I strongly disagree with this idea due to various reasons.

The most significant reason why I do not support the idea is that I completely fail to see its effectiveness. If this idea were to be implemented immediately, society within a few years should expect an increase in the number of teenagers claiming that they are suitable to work. In this hypothetical situation, the older generations are still struggling to find jobs due to global unemployment. As a result, the competition for jobs will even be harsher for both generations. This solution is not effective as this would only generate more labor without job listings to accommodate them.

Another reason why I think this idea is ill-advised is I believe that education beyond primary schools is essential. Primary schools only teach students basic math and little language skills. Moreover, the majority of students this age have low self-discipline. This means that to prepare them for the workforce, they will need extensive education to acquire both in-depth knowledge and soft skills. The current education system solves this problem by providing students with academic knowledge and various opportunities to practice these skills. Communication skills and self-discipline are also trained through group assignments and the pressure to perform well. All in all, this new solution does not do anything that the current system cannot.

In conclusion, I do not support the idea because it is both ineffective and unoriginal. Unemployment rates have to be solved by other means, rather than proposing that students quit formal education at such a young age.

Dạng Advantages & Disadvantages

Cấu trúc mẫu cho loại bài luận này bao gồm giới thiệu, đoạn về lợi ích, đoạn về tác hại, và kết luận, giúp xây dựng một bài viết có tổ chức và rõ ràng.

Đặc điểm nhận biết dạng câu hỏi Advantages & Disadvantages

Cách nhận biết dạng Advantages & Disadvantages tương đối dễ. Sau khi đưa ra vấn đề, dạng đề Advantages & Disadvantages thường có câu hỏi sau: “What are the advantages and disadvantages?” hoặc “Do the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?”

Ví dụ: Do the advantages of compelling young adults to volunteer and help the community outweigh its disadvantages?

Cấu trúc mẫu cho dạng Advantages & Disadvantages

Cấu trúc tốt nhất bạn có thể sử dụng cho loại bài luận này.

Bài mẫu dạng câu hỏi Advantages & Disadvantages

That in recent years, open-space offices are replacing working areas with separate rooms has become a hot topic of debate. In my opinion, the positives of this trend overshadow the negatives.

On the one hand, open spaces have two drawbacks, which are an increased level of distraction and risks to employee’s health. First, working in a communal space easily drives one to distraction. From noises of phone calls to colleagues conversing, an employee faces loads of disturbances that can cost them their work efficiency. What is more, a communal office space is an ideal environment for diseases to spread. Take the “3 green” model that was employed by various factories during the height of Covid-19 in Vietnam for example, due to the employees living in close proximity, Covid-19 spreaded easily and the model had to be deployed soon.

Despite the disadvantages, I believe the advantages of open-plan offices are more considerable. First, an open-space office can facilitate communication and foster friendships between employees. An open space allows employees to communicate with one another more freely and timely. This leads to ideas flowing more effortlessly and innovations to be born more quickly. Furthermore, by working together and having more chances to get to know each other, employees can form stronger bonds, thus boosting the company’s culture. Moreover, open-space offices help save cost on amenities such as printers, scanners, and lockers. Whereas separate offices require a multitude of these equipment, employees who work in an open-plan office can share these utilities.

In conclusion, I believe that the advantages of open-plan offices eclipse its drawbacks. Due to its ability to help the company cut costs and facilitate interaction and innovation, open-space offices are the future of working space.

Dạng Problem and Solution

Dạng câu hỏi Problem and Solution trong IELTS Writing Task 2 thường được nhận biết qua việc đề bài đặt vấn đề và yêu cầu trả lời hai câu hỏi: nguyên nhân và giải pháp. Cấu trúc mẫu bao gồm giới thiệu, 2 đoạn thân bài tương ứng và kết luận.

Đặc điểm nhận biết dạng câu hỏi Problem and Solution

Thông thường, dạng đề này sau khi đã giới thiệu về chủ đề sẽ có 2 câu hỏi, bạn phải đọc kỹ câu hỏi để có thể nắm rõ được đề bài yêu cần bạn trả lời cái gì. Trong IELTS Writing Task 2 có 3 dạng bài Problem and Solutions sau.

• Dạng nguyên nhân (causes) – giải pháp (solutions): Bạn sẽ phân tích nguyên nhân gây ra vấn đề được đề cập trong đề bài và những giải pháp khắc phục/cải thiện vấn đề đó;

• Dạng nguyên nhân (causes) – tác hại (problems): Bạn sẽ phân tích nguyên nhân và từ đó chỉ ra những tác hại mà vấn đề đó mang lại;

• Dạng Tác hại (problems) – giải pháp (solutions): Bạn sẽ giới thiệu những tác hại và đưa ra giải pháp cho từng tác hại đó.

Ví dụ: People aim to achieve a balance between their work and lives. But few people achieve it. What are the causes of problems? How to overcome it?

Cấu trúc mẫu cho dạng Problem and Solution

IELTS Writing Task 2 structure tốt nhất bạn có thể dùng cho dạng đề này.

Bài mẫu dạng câu hỏi Problem and Solution

Nowadays, people have the tendency to migrate to cosmopolitan cities. While this has caused several problems to young people, namely a lack of housing and high cost of living, I believe that there are a number of feasible solutions to these issues.

To begin with, the rapid population growth in major cities has led to two serious problems for youngsters. First, the young populace has to face a housing crisis. The speed at which people migrate is faster than the speed at which cities can build infrastructure. Therefore, once the number of dwellers rise exponentially, housing is bound to run out, causing many to resort to areas with lower living standards. Take Hong Kong for example, due to a lack of land, house prices in Hong Kong can reach almost 2,000 US dollars per square foot. This has driven many people to move into flats which can fit only a bed. Another issue is that the cost of living in these cosmopolitan cities tend to be more costly as compared to rural areas. For example, in America, the living cost in Atlanta is only a half of that in New York.

Problematic as it is, I believe that there are two possible solutions to the above mentioned issues. First of all, the government should relocate businesses to the city outskirts and other provinces. By doing this, more land area can be liberated for housing purposes. Moreover, as job opportunities are spread evenly throughout the country, a city would not have to face a surge of migrants. Secondly, a price stabilization policy should be implemented for basic necessities. This is to ensure that private businesses have to operate according to the fixed price bracket of the law, thus guaranteeing that city dwellers will always have access to food, water and electricity, and gasoline at a reasonable price.

To sum up, the trend of migration to major cities has two setbacks for young people, which are the lack of housing and high living cost. Nevertheless, relocation of businesses and price stabilization for basic necessities can help tackle these problems.

Dạng Discussion essay

Dạng câu hỏi Discussion thường được nhận biết dễ dàng thông qua yêu cầu "Discuss both views and state your opinion." Cấu trúc mẫu cho loại câu hỏi này thường bao gồm giới thiệu, 2 đoạn thân bài thể hiện quan điểm khác nhau, và kết luận được viết theo mô hình nhất định.

Đặc điểm nhận biết dạng câu hỏi Discussion

Cũng như các dạng khác, cách nhận biết dạng Discussion tương đối dễ. Sau khi đưa ra vấn đề, dạng đề Discussion thường có yêu cầu sau: “Discuss both views and state your opinion”

Cấu trúc mẫu cho dạng Discussion

Đây là một IELTS Writing Task 2 structure khá phổ biến hay được áp dụng cho dạng đề này.

Bài mẫu dạng câu hỏi Discussion

While some say that students should be admitted based on their academic merits, others argue that schools should select students with varying skill-sets. From my perspective, I strongly support the latter idea as it can create a more holistic approach to education.

On the one hand, selecting students on the basis of their abilities is quite advantageous to a certain extent. This is because students who have varying academic merits have different acquisition speed. Therefore, grouping them together in a lesson will cause weaker students confusion and stronger students time. By dividing pupils based on their skill-sets, schools can have more well-paced curriculums. To illustrate, gifted schools in Vietnam all have specialized classes where students can acquire knowledge in their chosen field more intensively, thus advancing in their academic abilities quicker. Meanwhile, pupils in normal classrooms can take time learning these subjects at their own discretion.

On the other hand, advocates of integrating students with different aptitudes also have grounds to believe that this approach will facilitate a more holistic learning environment. As all students excel in a different field, what pupils in a mixed class will have is the chance to exchange their knowledge with one another. Students who are well-versed in a subject can aid others in learning by sharing their tips. Moreover, pupils in these classes will be able to expand their knowledge on all subjects, thus becoming more well-rounded citizens, whereas students who study in a specialized class will miss the opportunity to explore their interests in other areas.

To summarize, segregating students according to their academic abilities can aid in planning lessons that are suitable for the students’ acquisition speed. However, I am of the opinion that integrating students of different abilities is better as this can create citizens who are well-rounded academically.

Dạng Two-part question

Dạng câu hỏi Two-part question trong IELTS Writing Task 2 có thể dễ nhận biết qua việc đề bài đặt một vấn đề và đưa ra hai câu hỏi riêng biệt, với cấu trúc mẫu gồm giới thiệu, 2 đoạn thân bài tương ứng, và kết luận.

Đặc điểm nhận biết dạng câu hỏi Two-part question

Trong IELTS Writing Task 2 structure, thí sinh có thể nhận biết dạng two-part essay nếu đề bài nêu ra một vấn đề và đưa ra những câu hỏi riêng biệt.

Ví dụ: Environmental damage is the problem of most countries. What factors damage the environment and who should take responsibility?

Cấu trúc mẫu cho dạng Two-part question

Bài mẫu dạng câu hỏi Two-part question

Ancestral lineage research has been argued by many people to be important in recent times. In this essay, I will seek to show why individuals in certain regions make an endeavor in knowing more about their families and reach an accord that the phenomenon is positive.

The trend of discovering family history can be explained by the urge to get closer to one’s own family and the desire to learn about the health records of the family. Concerning the former reason, it is true that ancestral lineage research enables the reconnection of family members. This could potentially be of great comfort to orphans or those who do not know who their parents are. DNA tests, for example, have helped many people without family to track down their long-lost relatives and discover brothers and sisters they never knew they had. Turning to the second point, knowing the medical history of a family enhances the understanding of genetically inheritable medical conditions such as asthma, obesity, and diabetes. Therefore, people would take appropriate action to identify ways to mitigate the adverse effects of diseases.  

From my perspective, the overwhelming desire of finding family history can be deemed positive due to its role in preserving familial culture and customs and motivating individuals to overcome life’s troubles. Chief among these is that the discovery of ancestry plays a crucial role in maintaining the culture and traditions of one’s family. Once the descendants are fully aware of the significance of cultural values passed down from previous generations, they would show more willingness in preserving as well as promoting those intangible merits. Moreover, a means of self-motivation can be regarded as one of the worth-mentioning advantages of examining family roots. During the discovery, people would be more mindful of obstacles that their ancestors overcame, thereby driving them to be bold and brave in dealing with issues in life.  

In conclusion, research on ancestors is prompted by the desire to form a close bond with former generations and to know about familial health records. I would opine this development positive due to its benefits in maintaining culture and boosting individuals’ will in life.

Việc thể hiện kiến ​​thức chung của bạn trong IELTS Writing luôn là điều quan trọng. Tuy nhiên, nếu bạn thực sự không biết gì về chủ đề được đưa ra và không thể đưa ra bất kỳ ví dụ nào, hãy thay đổi một chút chủ đề bài luận. Bạn sẽ bị phạt vì thiếu logic, nhưng giám khảo vẫn sẽ đánh giá ngữ pháp và từ vựng của bạn. Bạn vẫn có thể đạt Band 3 hoặc 4 ngay cả khi bài luận của bạn hoàn toàn lạc đề.

IELTS Examiner’s Tips An Academic Guide to IELTS Speaking and Writing (by Karolina Achirri)

Câu hỏi thường gặp về cấu trúc IELTS Writing Task 2

Qua bài viết trên, DOL đã khái quát các dạng đề trong IELTS Writing Task 2 cũng như cung cấp một số IELTS Writing Task 2 structure mẫu và bài mẫu “xịn sò”. Chúc các bạn ôn tập hiệu quả và đạt điểm cao khi thi IELTS nhé!